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台媒年度“台湾民心大调查”:近六成人预测2024年民进党将下台******

  【环球时报特约记者 陈立非】2022年对台湾来说是相当动荡的一年,除了疫情持续肆虐外,佩洛西8月初窜访台湾更是让两岸局势进入深水区,台湾迎来近几年最紧绷、最动荡的时刻。21日,台湾《远见》杂志公布年度“民心动向大调查”,从结果来看,受访台湾民众对2023年的经济形势并不乐观,有43%的受访者认为明年岛内经济发展会变差,56%的人认为2024年台湾地区领导人选举将再度上演政党轮替。

  《远见》杂志的最新民调显示,两岸紧张的气氛在一定程度上影响岛内民众登陆意愿,愿意“西进”的民众有10.1%。旅游部分,随着疫情趋缓,各项禁令逐步解封,不少民众已开始安排未来一年的旅游行程。调查结果显示,日本仍是台湾民众出境首选,比例高达41.8%,接着依次为欧洲、大陆和美国。与去年的调查数字相比,前往日本的比例减少8.1个百分点,想去欧洲的比例有明显增加。值得注意的是,即便大多数的人都认为两岸关系变不好,然而台湾民众仍未放弃与对岸交流的机会,高达58.8%的受访民众仍认为,两岸应该增加互动,仅24.2%的民众主张减少。

  最近一年,解放军战机频繁在台海实施军演,民进党当局则增加军事采购项目,并传出2023年将把兵役延长到一年,也让台海可能发生冲突的说法甚嚣尘上。《远见》的调查显示,高达53.6%的受访台湾民众不愿意亲自或让家人上战场,其中女性、泛蓝支持者、台湾民众党支持者最不乐见自己或家人上战场。从交叉分析也可以看出,岛内泛蓝、泛绿民众对上战场一事出现巨大分歧,其中泛蓝民众有高达76.7%的人不愿上战场。若以年龄层来看,最愿意上战场的族群为50—59岁,分析可能和这些人已经除役有关,因此上战场事不关己,至于最不愿意上战场的族群为20—29岁,因为一旦台海发生战事,这些人首当其冲。若两岸真的发生战事,有45.7%的受访台湾民众认为最终将走向“协议和谈”,另有13.1%认为“大陆最终获胜”,仅10.3%的人认为“台湾最终获胜”。和去年同期相比,认为“双方协议和谈”的比例增加2.9个百分点,显示岛内民众渴望和谈的信念越来越坚定。

  在统“独”方面,整体而言,若将“先维持现状再看”与“永远维持现状”合并为“维持现状”,可发现“维持现状”的比例还是稳定在五成以上。

  11月26日的岛内“九合一”选举,民进党创下空前惨败的“成绩”,只获得5席县市长,蔡英文被迫辞去民进党主席职务。对于这次选举结果,46.7%的受访民众表示“满意”,27.8%表示“不满意”。值得一提的是,即使是泛绿支持者,也有近两成受访人士满意这样的结果。《远见》评论称,这显示蔡英文当局的表现不仅受到反对者批评,也有部分支持者无法谅解。

  接下来要登场的重头戏,也就是2024年台湾地区领导人选举,岛内民众依旧不看好民进党。调查显示,56%的人认为2022年县市长选举结果可能导致2024年选举再次发生政党轮替,24.1%认为“不可能”。与此同时,“九合一”选举结果也间接影响民众对政党的认同度,本次调查中有24.9%的民众认为自己立场泛蓝,29.3%认为自己政治立场泛绿,支持第三势力台湾民众党的比例为5.7%,自认立场中立的民众高达40.2%。与往年数字相比,泛蓝支持者比例略有增加,泛绿则有下滑迹象,至于中立选民,增加幅度最为显著。

  再过几天即将迎来新的一年,但台湾多数民众对于2023年并没有太大期待。调查显示,有43%的人对明年经济发展持悲观态度,认为会变好的则为31%,创下历年来的新低,且年龄越大悲观意识越显著。

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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

  资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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